120 hr. TEFL Course Module 7-Pedagogy (Pt.2 Exposition)

Module 7: Pedagogy

7.1 Exposition

Pedagogy is such a complex topic that it could be its own course, so as we discuss the theories that inform a teacher’s planning, implementation, and assessment, keep in mind that we are giving an overview rather than a comprehensive study. Here are some of the most well-known theories of education. 
Considering that education in some form or another has existed since the dawn of man, it is surprising to know there are so many different theories regarding the best way to provide education for students. While many of these can work together to inspire teachers in their planning and instruction, some of them directly contradict each other and have led to debates within the profession. Here, we will cover a few of those theories and discuss how they can inform your teaching.
7.1.1 Bloom’s taxonomy 
Benjamin Bloom studied learning and concluded that learning activities could be categorized into six segments based on the level of thinking they require. He framed his theory into the shape of a triangle with the lowest-level thinking at the bottom. He did this because even though the lower-level thinking activities require less thinking, they provide the base for higher-level thinking. He believed (as many do) that it is very hard to extend your learning on a topic if you do not understand the topic itself. We will discuss each category in reverse order, starting with what Bloom labeled as the lowest level of thinking.
  1. Remember: At the base of this triangle, representing the lowest level of thinking, is any activity that requires a student to recall facts and basic concepts. These types of activities are extremely important in a student’s learning, since it is hard to take the next step without first knowing the basic facts. Activities that require students to remember include defining words, memorizing facts, listing things, and repeating information.
  2. Understand: At the next level of thinking, teachers ask students to comprehend what they are memorizing and repeating. For students to explore content in any way, they need to be able to comprehend what they are studying. Activities that require students to explain ideas or concepts include classifying, describing, discussing, and explaining information.

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